exterminate: implies complete and immediate extinction by killing off: failed attempts to ~ the  mosquitoes.   （extinct灭绝no longer existing or in use，如an extinct species/language灭绝的物种/语言，如名词an animal threatened with extinction有灭绝危险的动物=on the brink/verge of extinction灭绝边缘，如the loggers say their jobs are faced with extinction伐木工人说他们的工作恐不复存在，如no matter......Oxford that is on the verge of extinction剑桥面临毁灭，是新四13课一句话）


extirpate: implies extinction of a race, family, species, kind, or sometimes an idea or doctrine by destruction or by removal of its means of propagation: having ~d the last vestiges of the religion.     （stirp表示a stem花草的茎，extirpate就好像把花草的茎拔去，如extirpate weeds/evils根除杂草/弊端，extirpate superstition破除迷信）  destruction表示完全摧毁utter undoing


eradicate: implies the driving out or elimination of something that has taken root or established itself firmly: polio had virtually been ~d.         （radix, radic表示root根，字面意思是to pull up by the roots连根拔起，如a radical sign是数学中的根号，radical还表示激进: 要把旧制度连根拔起）


uproot: implies a forcible or violent removal and stresses displacement or dislodgement rather than immediate destruction: the war had ~ed thousands.  （displace和dislodge都表示将某物强力去除，但displace还暗示要用别的东西替换，如displaced workers被辞退的工人，如thousands had been displaced by the floods洪水使千百人流离失所，如the ship displaces 58 000 tons轮船排水量为 58 000吨； 但dislodge只表示去除，没有要替换的意思，如he could not dislodge the images imprinted on his brain他难以把刻在脑海中的形象抹去，如the rebels have so far failed to dislodge the President叛军至今未能把总统赶下台）  (如the trauma of uprooting themselves from their homes背井离乡造成的心灵创伤，如we decided to uproot and head for Scotland我们决定迁往苏格兰)


wipe out: can imply extermination or suggest a canceling or obliterating: ~ the entire population.  cancel取消obliterate涂抹抹去在一组2018-01-03 删除erase-delete


exterminate消灭灭绝: 指全部立即杀死，使灭绝，extirpate根除(字面意思植物的茎):  指通过摧毁或阻断传播途径使灭绝，如种族思想等，eradicate根除: 指去除清除根基稳固的事物，uproot迁离根除: 指强力去除，但未必消灭，wipe out消灭扫除: 可表示消灭或抹去


记忆方法: 1）首字母EEEUW吴三眼(桂)<==被消灭

         2）消灭的意思是毁灭某物mean to effect the destruction or abolition of something.